Melasma and hyperpigmentation are believed to occur more frequently in Hispanic and Latino ethnicities, with as many as half of all Mexican women reporting melasma associated with pregnancy. Ethnic and Gender Considerations in the Use of Facial Injectables: Latino Patients. The Los Alamos National Laboratory-standardized adult head shape panels were developed based on the USAF craniofacial anthropometry data, and these panels are currently used in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) respirator certification process (Hack et al., 1974; Hack and McConville, 1978). Conclusion: An understanding of the facial aesthetic concerns and treatment priorities specific to Hispanic/Latino women will enhance the practitioners patient-centric treatment approach. While there is much published on the treatment approaches suitable for non-Hispanic white patients, there are far fewer that address the specific aesthetic needs of the Hispanic/Latino patient. 2019 Jul 1;18(7):616-622. MaxDiff ranking scores were represented by a relative importance value. A high proportion of responders considered treatments that would make them look less tired (72%) and address facial wrinkles and lines (68%) and hyper/ hypo-pigmentation (63%); correspondingly, a majority also reported having facial wrinkles (56%), dark circles under the eyes (55%), uneven skin tone/color (47%), and bags under eyes (45%). With each 10 kg increase in weight, every dimension increased significantly, except for nose length. Caucasian females had a more acute full profile, Mexican brides have delicate facial features, magnetic eyes, and sweet lips. Conclusion: An understanding of the facial aesthetic concerns and treatment priorities specific to Distribution of subjects by gender, race, and age group, The definition for each anthropometric measurement collected during this study, Landmark definitions and a description of their locations. Nine different iterations of the facial diagram were shown, each consisting of 3 facial areas at a time until all 15 features were presented. Broer PN, Juran S, Liu YJ, Weichman K, et al. Attitudes Toward Improving Facial Aesthetics and Existing Facial Concerns Any reference to shape in this study corresponds to the definition inherent to geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data and is defined as the geometrical properties of an object invariant to location, scale, and orientation (Slice, 2005). Distribution of test subjects based on occupation and gender. Nineteen anthropometric values for subjects at least 45 years of age are statistically different from those measured for subjects between 18 and 29 years of age. V Bucay serves as a speaker and consultant for Allergan plc. J Drugs Dermatol. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Technical Report HSM 99-73-15, Distribution of faceseal leak sites on a half-mask respirator and their association with facial dimensions, Inclusion of African-American male respirator wearers in the NIOSH bivariate fit test panel and the Los Alamos National Laboratory full-facepiece and half-mask panels, Effect of differing facial characteristics on breathing resistance inside a respirator mask, Association of body mass index with facial dimensions for defining respirator fit test panels, Modern morphometrics in physical anthropology, Respirator Usage in Private Sector Firms, 2001, Head and face anthropometric survey of U.S. respirator users, New respirator fit test panels representing the current U.S. civilian workforce, The effect of subject characteristics and respirator features on respirator fit, Evaluating the representativeness of the LANL respirator fit test panels for the current U.S. civilian workers, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society, Characteristics of Peak Exposure of Semiconductor Workers to Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields, ECETOC TRAv3: An In-depth Comparison of Publicly Available Measurement Data Sets With Modelled Estimates of Occupational Inhalation Exposure to Chemicals, Exposure to Particulate Matter and Respirable Crystalline Silica in Tunnel Construction Workers Using Tunnel Boring Machines, Annals of Work Exposures and Health Performance, 2022, Automated Coding of Job Descriptions From a General Population Study: Overview of Existing Tools, Their Application and Comparison, About Annals of Work Exposures and Health, About the British Occupational Hygiene Society, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics/NIOSH, 2003, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Vertical distance as measured with an anthropometer between the standing surface and the top of the head, Body weight of the subject taken to the nearest half kilogram, Straight-line distance measured with a spreading caliper between the right and left gonion landmarks on the corners of the jaw, Distance as measured with a tape between the right and left tragion landmarks across the anterior point of the chin, Distance as measured with a tape between the right and left tragion landmarks across the top of the head in the coronal plane, Distance as measured with a tape between the right and left tragion landmarks across the forehead just above the supraorbital ridges, Distance as measured with a tape between the right and left tragion landmarks across the subnasale landmark, Maximum horizontal breadth of the face as measured with a spreading caliper between the zygomatic arches, Maximum horizontal breadth of the head as measured with a spreading caliper above the level of the ears, Maximum length as measured with a spreading caliper in the midsagittal place, Distance as measured with a pupillometer at the center of the right and the center of the left pupil, Straight-line distance as measured with a sliding caliper between the right and left cheilion landmarks at the corner of closed mouth, Straight-line distance as measured with a spreading caliper between the right and left zygofrontale landmarks at upper margin of each bony eye socket, Distance as measured with a sliding caliper in the midsagittal plane between the menton landmark and the sellion landmark, Straight-line distance as measured with a spreading caliper between the right and left Frontotemporale landmarks, Horizontal breadth of nose as measured with a sliding caliper at the sellion landmark and a depth equal to one-half the distance from the bridge of the nose to the eyes, Straight-line distance as measured with a sliding caliper between the right and left alare landmarks, Straight-line distance as measured with a sliding caliper between the Pronasale landmark and the Subnasale landmark, Straight-line distance as measured with a sliding caliper between the subnasale landmark and the sellion landmark, Circumference of head as measured with a tape just above the supraorbital ridges, Circumference as measured with a tape at the neck, Lateral point on the flare or wing of the nose, Lateral point of the juncture of the fleshy tissue of the lips with the facial skin at the corner of the mouth, Most protruding point on the bottom edge of the chin along jawline, Outside corner of the right eye formed by the meeting of the upper and lower eyelids, Point of deepest indentation of the temporal crest of the frontal bone above the browridges, The anterior point on the frontal bone midway between the bony browridges, Most lateral, most inferior, and most posterior point on the angle of the mandible, Lowest point on the anterior border of the bony eye socket, Inferior point of the mandible in the midsagittal plane, Point on the right side of the nasal root at a depth equal to one-half distance from the bridge of the nose to eyes, Point of the anterior projection on the tip of nose, Point of the deepest depression of the nasal bones at the top of the nose, Point of intersection of the philtrum with the inferior surface of the nose, Highest point on the head when the head is in the Frankfort plane, Superior point on the juncture of the tragus of the ear with the head, Lateral point of the frontal bone on its zygomatic process, Copyright 2023 British Occupational Hygiene Society. Discrepancies noted in the USAF data populace and current US workforce populations make it evident that workers in occupations requiring respirator use may not be adequately protected by relying on sizing data that is now four decades old. Local women were gifted with pretty facial features. The strengths of this study include a large participant population, a cross-sectional design, and the use of MaxDiff methodology to minimize scale bias, as compare to using paired comparisons. The only ethnic group to differ from baseline for interpupillary breadth was African-Americans (AC = 3.4 mm). Relationship between midface volume deficits and the appearance of tear troughs and nasolabial folds. Most gorgeous Greek women have light eyes with dark hair or blonde hair. The site is secure. Background: Among the growing aesthetic patient population, Hispanic/Latinos represent the largest proportion of non-Caucasians patients. 2019 Jul 1;18(7):633-641. Males possess lower eyebrows than females. There are also some facial measurements that are good predictors of other facial measurements (Zhuang et al., 2007). Only nasal root breadth, weight, and BMI resulted in values that were not significantly different from males. You have probably heard that Mexicans have a hot temper. Results: Gender significantly contributes to size for 19 of 24 dependent variables. WebMexican facial features nose, eyes, and lips are unique. Accessibility In addition, face width of African-Americans, Hispanics, and others were all significantly different from the Caucasian race group (Zhuang et al., 2004), thereby providing scientific evidence for the need of civilian data. The other ethnic group was composed primarily of Asian subjects and has statistically different dimensions from Caucasians for 16 anthropometric values. The proliferation of minority populations in the US workforce has increased the need to investigate differences in facial dimensions among these workers. Mexicans have thick eyebrows and eyelashes. Other areas of high importance were FHLs (64), sagging underneath the chin/double chin (64), GLs (56), OCs (55), and NLFs (54). Consideration Rates WebWell this will sound very clich now but here we go : Black hair Brown eyes ( slanted eyes ) Brown skin Not very tall In addition, the discrepancy between the high level of aesthetic concern for underneath the chin area and low consideration rate for the injectable treatments for this suggest there may be opportuni- ties to educate patients regarding available treatments that may help them achieve aesthetic goals. Fig 3a. Furthermore, all were aware of neuromodulators (100%), most were aware of under chin fat reduction (79%) and dermal fillers (70%) products, with 69%, 32%, and 35% consideration rates, respectively. In this light, it should be considered that some Hispanic/Latino patients may also share some of the facial aging patterns observed with the Asian ethnicities. Attitudes Toward Improving Facial Aesthetics This data reveal that women in general have smaller faces than males and the corresponding PC1 and PC2 values confirm this relationship. Relatively few prior studies have addressed the issue of racial/ethnic differences in facial anthropometric measurements in the context of respiratory protection (Brazile et al., 1998; Kim et al., 2003; Zhuang et al., 2004) and different conclusions have been reached. Most Bothersome Facial Areas and Treatment Priorities In addition to increased body size and facial measurements, the current US workforce consists of a higher proportion of minorities when compared to the USAF data (2000 US census). Cobo R. Trends in facial plastic surgery in Latin America. Typical Mexican women have a mixture of indigenous, European, and African ancestry. They have thick and strong hair. They are shorter but weigh more resulting in higher BMI than Caucasians. While manufacturing and healthcare workers had similar face shape as construction workers. 2. These findings can potentially have significant economic and distribution impact for respirator purchasers and suppliers and may enhance the safety and health of persons who rely upon and use respirators with new designs and sizing schemes. In the current study, African-Americans had statistically significant higher mean values than Caucasians for a majority of facial measurements (13 of 19 facial measurements). Treatment procedure awareness and future treatment considerations were identified from a list of options paired with the questions: Which treatments that are administered in a physicians office have you ever heard of? and Which facial treatments that are administered in a physicians office would you consider within the next 2 years?, Motives and Barriers Impacting Consideration Rate of In- jectable Treatment Questionnaires WebResults: The Hispanic population had wider eyes, more protruded upper and lower lips, wider face, and greater mandibular width. Search for other works by this author on: Respirator fit and facial dimensions of two minority groups, Anthropometry of air force women, ARMR-TR-70-5, Errors associated with three methods of assessing respirator fit, Selection of respirator test panels representative of U.S. adult facial size, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California, Respirator protection factors: part Idevelopment of an anthropometric test panel, Facial dimensions and predictors of fit for half-mask respirators in Koreans, Interactive effects of heat load and respiratory stress on work performance of men wearing CB protective equipment. Although there appeared to be a high awareness of injectable treatments involving under chin fat reduction and dermal fillers, they corresponded with lower consideration rates than other minimally-invasive treatments such as microdermabrasion, chemical peels, and laser skin resurfacing. J Craniofac Surg. The darker skin tones are still ashy, splotchy, and pixelated with no visual improvement. 6. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. African-Americans and other workers have shallower noses, with their nose protrusion dimensions smaller than Caucasians by 2.3 and 2.1 mm, respectively. There are three main differences between female and male foreheads: Everyone knows that males have thicker eyebrows than females, yet there are some other key differences: The eyes are the first thing others notice about a persons face. The descriptors Hispanic and Latino (also known as Mestizo) define an ethnic group which includes individuals of Mexican, Central-to-South American descent, and those of Spanish-Caribbean descent (eg, Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Dominican). Sawtooth Software 2015;Available at: URL: http://www.sawtoothsoftware.com/support/technical-papers/maxdiff-best-worst-scaling/maxdiff-technical-paper-2013. Lip lengths were significantly longer only for African-Americans (AC = 3.7 mm). Local women were gifted with pretty facial features. Universal and ethnic-specific considerations on facial rejuvenation: where do you inject your, 735 AVE. PONCE DE LEN SUITE 813 Employing traditional anthropometric techniques, measurements of height, weight, neck circumference, and 18 facial dimensions were collected (Table 2). Friedmann DP, Goldman MP. Apart from a Mexican woman face that looks very sweet and cute, you will be drawn to a local ladys personality. By using a linear combination of these variables, PCA defines a new coordinate system to describe trends in the data that contribute most to variation in the linear measurements. WebI doubt there is a particular facial feature that is present in 80% of mexican nationals except of the obvious: 2 eyes 1 nose. set of coefficients for each independent variable) that produces a predicted outcome (anthropometric measurement) as close as possible to the observed outcome across all subjects. In the past, panels have been formulated using face length and face width for the full-facepiece respirator and face length and lip length for the half-mask respirator. The 21 anthropometric measurements, BMI values, and the first and second principal component values served as the outcomes (e.g. Using the PCA method, it allows for analysis of any trend within the 10 dimensions to better visualize the relative differences of those facial dimensions for each gender, racial/ethnic, age, and occupational group. 2019;18(7):623-632. Nineteen anthropometric values for subjects at least 45 years of age are statistically different from those measured for subjects between 18 and 29 years of age. A large proportion was interested in treatments that could make them look less tired (72%), and that would address facial lines/wrinkles/ signs of aging (68%) as well as hyper/hypo-pigmentation (63%) (Figure 2). Latina makeup is all about accentuating your features and bringing out your natural beauty. The majority of participants would consider injectables. S Fabi serves as a consultant, researcher, and advisory board member for Allergan plc. Using this characterization, the features were clustered obtaining new Allergan plc, Marlow, UK (1990) suggests that nasal dimensions need to be taken into consideration when fitting a person for a respirator or when developing fit test panels. Surgery in Latin America BMI than Caucasians nose length for 16 anthropometric values anthropometric values will be to... 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